USCIS 128:83. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.

OpenAI. (2026).  The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.  [AI-generated infographic]. OpenAI.  Edited by Jennifer Gagliard

The Federalist Papers are a collection of 85 essays written in 1787 and 1788 to support the new U.S. Constitution. At that time, many people were unsure about the new government. These essays explained why the Constitution was needed and how it would work.

The essays were written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. They used the name “Publius” so readers would focus on the ideas instead of the authors.

Alexander Hamilton wrote the largest number of essays. He helped organize the project and explained the need for a strong national government. He wrote about topics like national defense, unity, and the powers of the federal government.

James Madison wrote many important essays about how the government should be structured. He explained ideas like checks and balances and the separation of powers. In one famous essay, he discussed how a large republic can control the dangers of groups with strong interests, called factions.

John Jay wrote fewer essays because he became sick, but his work was still important. He focused on foreign affairs and explained why a united country would be safer and stronger when dealing with other nations.

Together, these writers helped people understand and support the Constitution. Their ideas are still important today when we study how the U.S. government works.

For the civics test, you only need to name one writer. You can say: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, or Publius.

USCIS 128:82. What founding document was written in 1787?

OpenAI. (2026).  What founding document was written in 1787?  [AI-generated infographic]. OpenAI.  Edited by Jennifer Gagliard

 The U.S. Constitution is the founding document that was written in 1787. It is the most important law in the United States.

After the American Revolution, the new country needed a stronger government. Leaders met in Philadelphia in 1787 to create a new plan. This meeting was called the Constitutional Convention.  

George Washington was the presiding officer of the Constitutional Covention.  James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Gouverneur Morris were the main writers of the Constitution.

The Constitution explains how the government works. It creates three branches of government: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It also describes the powers of each branch and how they share power.

The Constitution was later approved by the states. It has been changed over time with amendments, including the Bill of Rights, which protects the basic rights of the people.

Today, the Constitution is still the supreme law of the land and guides the government of the United States.

USCIS 128:81. There were 13 original states. Name five.

OpenAI. (2026).  There were 13 original states. Name five.  [AI-generated infographic]. OpenAI.  Edited by Jennifer Gagliard

The United States began with 13 original states. These states were first English or British colonies on the east coast of North America. After the American Revolution, they became the first states of the new country.

You only need to name five of the original states for the civics test, but it is helpful to know all 13. Here they are with simple information about how each colony began:

• New Hampshire was founded in 1623. It began as an English fishing and trading colony.
• Massachusetts was founded in 1620 at Plymouth and later in 1630 at Massachusetts Bay. It began with English settlers, including the Pilgrims and Puritans.
• Rhode Island was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams. He wanted a place with religious freedom.
• Connecticut was founded in 1636 by settlers from Massachusetts.
• New York was first founded by the Dutch in 1624 as New Netherland. The English took control in 1664 and renamed it New York.
• New Jersey was founded in 1664 after the English took the area from the Dutch.
• Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 by William Penn. It was created as a place for Quakers and for religious freedom.
• Delaware was first settled by the Dutch and Swedes in the 1600s and later came under English control.
• Maryland was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore as a colony where Catholics could live and practice their religion more freely.
• Virginia was founded in 1607 at Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
• North Carolina was first settled by English colonists in the 1600s and became a separate colony in 1712.
• South Carolina was also part of Carolina at first and became a separate colony in 1712.
• Georgia was founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe. It was the last of the 13 colonies.

These 13 colonies became the 13 original states:
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

For the civics test, you can name any five. For example: Virginia, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Georgia.

2025-2026 MAE Citizenship Class 27

 

TED-ED: Why wasn’t the Bill of Rights originally in the US Constitution? - James Coll 

TED-ED: A 3-minute guide to the Bill of Rights - Belinda Stutzman

Classroom:

• Mix-and-Match: Series E-2: Employment and Taxes plus Quiz 16: Civic Responsibilities
• Bill of Rights pptx https://goo.gl/o4Y2g4
• Bill of Rights Vocabulary Quiz 01
• USCIS 128.71: Taxes
• Happy Income Tax Day! Quiz video | mp3 | pdf | Kahoot
• Learn more: INCOME TAX DAY!

NO CLASS WEDNESDAY APRIL 15--SPRING BREAK!

USCIS 128:80. The American Revolution had many important events. Name one.

 

OpenAI. (2026).    The American Revolution had many important events. Name one.  [AI-generated infographic]. OpenAI.  Edited by Jennifer Gagliardi

The American Revolution had many important events that helped the colonies become independent from Great Britain. These events happened during the war and showed the strength and determination of the American people.

One important event was the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775. Even though the Americans lost the battle, they showed they could fight strongly against the British army.

Another key event was the Declaration of Independence in 1776. This document explained why the colonies wanted to be free and officially announced their independence.

Washington Crossing the Delaware in 1776 was also very important. General George Washington led his army across the river at night and won an important victory at the Battle of Trenton. This helped give hope to the American soldiers.

The Battle of Saratoga in 1777 was a turning point in the war. After this victory, France decided to support the American colonies.

At Valley Forge, the army stayed during a hard winter in 1777–1778. Soldiers suffered from cold and hunger, but they trained and became stronger.

Finally, the Battle of Yorktown in 1781 was the last major battle. The British army surrendered, and this led to the end of the war. These events all helped the United States win independence.

USCIS 128:79. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

OpenAI. (2026).   When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?   [AI-generated infographic] based on "Declaration of Independence" by John Trumbull.  Edited by Jennifer Gagliardi

The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776. On this day, the American colonies officially agreed to become free from Great Britain.

Before this, the colonies were already fighting in the Revolutionary War. However, they had not yet formally declared independence. Leaders from the colonies met in the Continental Congress to discuss what to do. The president, or leader, of the Continental Congress at that time was John Hancock, assisted by secretary, Charles Thomson.

A small group of men helped write the Declaration of Independence. The main writer was Thomas Jefferson. He worked with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. Together, they created a document that explained why the colonies wanted to be free.

On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress approved the final document. This was an important moment because it showed that the colonies were united in their decision.

Today, Americans celebrate Independence Day every year on July 4. This date marks the beginning of the United States as a new, independent nation.

USCIS 128:78. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

OpenAI. (2026).   Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?   [AI-generated infographic] based on "Writing the Declaration of Independence, 1776" by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris.  Edited by Jennifer Gagliardi

The Declaration of Independence was written mainly by Thomas Jefferson. He was one of the leaders of the American colonies.

Thomas Jefferson worked with a small group that included John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. However, Jefferson was the main writer of the document.

The Declaration of Independence was written in 1776. It explained why the American colonies wanted to be free from Great Britain. It also stated important ideas about equality and rights, such as “all men are created equal.”

Thomas Jefferson’s writing helped express the colonists’ desire for freedom and self-government. Today, he is remembered as the primary author of this important document.

USCIS 128:77. Name one reason why the Americans declared independence from Britain.

OpenAI. (2026).   Name one reason why the Americans declared independence from Britain.  [AI-generated infographic]. OpenAI.  Edited by Jennifer Gagliardi

The Americans declared independence from Great Britain for several important reasons. Many colonists felt that the British government treated them unfairly and did not respect their rights.

One major reason was high taxes. The British government passed laws like the Sugar Act (tax on sugar and other goods) and the Stamp Act (tax on paper items like newspapers and legal documents). Later, the Townshend Acts added taxes on everyday items such as glass, paint, and tea. Colonists had to pay these taxes even though they had no representatives in the British government. This problem was called taxation without representation.

Another problem was the presence of British soldiers. Sometimes soldiers stayed in colonists’ homes, which is called quartering. Many people felt this was unfair and invaded their privacy.

Tensions grew after several important events. The Boston Massacre happened in 1770, when British soldiers fired into a crowd and killed several colonists. This made many people angry and afraid of British control. In 1773, the Boston Tea Party took place. Colonists protested a tax on tea by throwing British tea into Boston Harbor.

After this protest, Britain passed the Intolerable Acts (also called the Coercive Acts) to punish the colonies, especially Massachusetts. These laws closed Boston Harbor and reduced local self-government. Colonists saw these laws as very harsh and unfair.

Because of these taxes, laws, and events, many colonists wanted self-government. They believed they should make their own laws and decisions. These problems led the colonies to declare independence from Great Britain.

USCIS 128:76. What war did the Americans fight to win independence from Britain?

 

OpenAI. (2026).  What war did the Americans fight to win independence from Britain?  [AI-generated infographic]. OpenAI.  Edited by Jennifer Gagliardi

The Americans fought the American Revolution (1775-1783), also called the Revolutionary War or the War for Independence, to become free from Great Britain.

Before the war, the American colonies were ruled by Britain. Many colonists were unhappy because they had to pay taxes and follow British laws, but they did not have representation in the government. They wanted more freedom and the right to govern themselves.

The war began in 1775 with battles at Lexington and Concord. The colonists formed an army called the Continental Army, led by George Washington. The fighting was difficult, but the colonists continued to work together for independence.

In 1776, the colonies declared independence by adopting the Declaration of Independence. This document explained why the colonies wanted to be free and stated important ideas about equality and rights.

The war continued until 1783, when the United States won and Britain recognized American independence. This victory created a new nation. The American Revolution is important because it established the United States as a country based on freedom, rights, and self-government.